Motion-transmitting device.



J. F. PAGENDARM. MOTION TBANSMITTING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. zo. 1909.

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ffnesses; v Inventor' .at-the point or station UNITED sTATEs PATENT i OFFICE.

JHN F. PAGENDARM, or sAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, AssIGNon or QNEJIALF To WILLIAM H. BINNs, or sAN rIuiNcIsco,` cALIroBNIA.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

Application led November 20, 1909. Serial No. 529,073.

and the return side in the transmitting column or body of fluid in motion transmitting devices .of the kind o1' description 1n Vwhich pistons or like parts working in cyllnders transmit motion .by their' action against orupon the Huid; and especially to restore the conditions in the column or body of Huid necessary to transmit mot-ion or act vupontlw parts to be moved in a uniformly positive manner, as often as the same are vaffected by a loss of' fluid and the admission of air by leakage between the pistons and cylinders or at the joints of the fluid holding conductors.

The invention is especially applicable to the type'of motion transmitting devices for which Letters Patent of the United States No. 860,619 were issued to me on the 16thv day of July, 1907; and in describing the nature of the present invention and the manner of applying and4 carrying out the same, I shall in the following description explain at-length the construction "of a motive transmitting vdeviceof the t braced in that patent, to which this invention is applied, that the manner in which I attain the described end and object may be. clearly understood and applied to any motion transmitting device of the same or a similar type. y

lThe accompanying drawing illustrates the principal parts of a motion transmitting de-l vice employing a non-compressible fluid for the transmitting medium, Vcomprising two cylinders and pistons where. the actuating force or ower is applied, and at the opposite or istant station where theprtor mechanism to 'be actuated is located.

The pistons and cylinders comprising-the motor at the power end or station f the apparatus are formed as se ents of a circle with the operating shagtm at the center, and they are `reversely arranged with repe emthe invention readily situated respectively spect to each other and also tothe corresponding cylinders and pistons of the motor at the opposite station. The pistons are 'fixed or stationar and the cylinders are the moving parts; those in each motor being fixed or connected to a common shaft, so as t'o be -moved simultaneously and with equal movementthrough a partialrotation of the shaft.

The actuating force or power is applied to the shaft either directly 'bya hand-crank lon the shaft, if manual power be employed, or by connecting the shaft with a power driven shaft by suitable mechanical means that will operate 'the cylinders and istons relatively to each other with an oscl latory 'movement at required moments or intervals.

The motor at one end 1s connected with,

the motor at the opposite end in the present construction by a pipe or {luid-tight conductor extending into the space-'in each cylinder of the motor at the other station, and

the cylinder spaces thus connected throughl the conductors `and through the pistonswhich are hollow for 'that' purpose-are lled with the fluid.

y reason of the reversedarrangementbf the motor at one end with respect to that at the other end of the Vconfined column of fluid, it will be seen that in one of the cylinders of the motor to which thepower is applied the fluid confined between its closed end and its pist-0n .will be forced out and Will-correspondingly move the cylinder in the o posite motor "with which it is connecte by virtue of the hydraulic pressure transmitted thr ugh the column of fluid con- `fined in the con But'the remaining cylinders in the two motors being reversely arranged with relation [tothe first mentioned cylinders they act to transmit the power operated motor is reversed. By' virtue of this arrangement it will be seen that the fluid actuates the part I to be moved, or applies the force or power thereto, accordingl to the direction in which the power actuated shaft may be moved; and one 'side or the other side of the column or 4body of Huid becomes, so to speak, the pressure yside, according as the power operated shaft is'turned-forward or backward. The fluid in the other side at such time performs no active work, but

uctor between the cylinders.

motion in theopposite direcaun alaiiced to such a in the movement of the pelled or transferred fromv the cylinder at one end to the connected cylinder at the opposite end. v

In a motor of ,this type it is obviously knecessary to keep the cylinder spaces and conducting passages between the power operated motor and the one at the opposite end free from air and properly filled with the transmitting fluid; for if the body of fluid on the pressure 'side or in front of the piston in the power actuated cylinder becomes reduced by leakage, owing to defects in construction or through wear of parts, the disturbance or change of-conditions in the body of transmitting fluid will affect the equality or equilibrium between the Vactuated and the actuating side of the apparatus, and instead of imparting a positive movement to the mechanism or one of.corresponding length or duration to the power actuated motor, there will be more or less lost motion, increasi-ng oftenA to such an extent as to render the device in time practically inoperative.

The present improvement consists in replacing' the loss and restoring the conditions in the cylinder spaces and fluid holding passa es as often as the lsame are disturbed or degree as .to affectthe character or extent of the movement of the actuatedpart; and the same is carried out by establishing communication between the fluid containing spaces and passages on o posite sides of the motors at theend of tlrfe working or power transmitting stroke, so that on the return throw or movement in the contrary direction the air will be expelled and the loss replaced from the body of fluid with which the cylinder spaces are connected arts.l

Figure 1 isa longitudinal sectional-view of the power actuated motors and their inclosing casing in that part of the apparatus in which the power applied through the confined transmitting fluid is caused to actuate the parts to be moved. Fig. 2 is a similar longitudinal sectional view of the motor and its casinga-t the opposite or distant station where the-mechanism to be operated is located. Fig. 3. is a front-view of the motor shown in Fig. 1, showingthe cover or front plate of the ,casing` removed to expose the parts within. Fig. 4 is a sectional-view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating a slight modification ofthe means for establishing communication between the opposite sides of the fluid-containing spaces and passages, wherein such communication is opened or closed directly by the piston itself, instead of by a separate valve. In this arran ement the istons have the function of a va lve. Fig.`5 illustrates one application of the invention to a type or construction of motor in which straight cylinders and pistons are employed in place of quadrant shaped or curvilinear Ones.

The type of motor illustrated inthe drawings is applicable, for operatinga dooropenei" for handling rudder, or for operating with a positive movement a part or' mechanism from a point applied toa motor of that construction this invention is carried out by connecting the motor with a body of fluid confined in a .fluid tight case by ports or apertures in the .between the cylinder spaces and the fluid holding space or chamber in the case is set ,each piston with relation to its cylinder brings the aperture in front of the piston in stroke or movement, therefore, the fluid confined in the cylinder is put directly in comsullicient period to displace the air and restore the conditions in the pressure transmitconductors or connecting passages'between the twoI motors.

power operated motor is situated the motor inders LT-b and the pistons e-f, arranged side by side and also placed in reversed refrom its cylinder at .the same time that the inder and with an equal movement, and the caseg containing the restoring or equalizing The shaft 2 on which the cylinders cb--b are fixed by their hubs 3 is movable in an tent of movementnecessary to operate the motors; and the cylinders c-d at the oppoin like reversed relation and are similarly inclosed in a fluid tight casing g1 and are case through apertures 12; the shafts of both motors bveingcarried outside through and closer, and controlling a or station distant from the operator, and as spaces in the associated cylinders of the cylinders, soarranged up or established when the` movement of the return stroke. At some point in that niunication with the fluid in the case for a ting fluid throughout the entire length of At that end of the apparatus where the herein illustratedlis composed of the cyllation, or so that one piston will .move out other piston moves into its associated c vlfluid is arranged to inclosc the cylinders.

are of 90 or thereabout, which is the exsite station `are fixed on a common shaft 4 connected with the fluid holding space of the suitable stuffing boxes in the sides of Vthe case. The shaft 4 can be connected with the part to be moved or operated through the medium of gears, levers, or other well known mechanical means to convert the movements of the shaft into reciprocatory motion; or to vary the movement, if of a rotary character. In the present construction of motor the pistons are fixed or stationary, being formed practically as terminals of the fluid conductors, to which end they are hollow, or are I 'rovided each with a tubular passage opens ing through the piston head and ending in or at' a nipple 6 to which the fluid conducting pipe 8 is connected by a coupling 10.

` TheA pistons e-p-f are separately connected in that communication this manneriby the -pipes S--fl with the pistons /i--z' in the. opposite motor, and both the cylinder spaces in front ofthe pistons and the connecting pipes or passages between the two motors are filled with a mixture of water and glycerin, or with oil, or some other'suitably non-compressible fluid.

By virtue of the arrangement of thecylinders a-b and their pistons in reversed relation to each other, and to the cylinders c`d and their pistons, and the similar reversed relation of the cylinders c-fl to each other, the motor cylinder a has the effect to transmit motion through the body of confined liquid and thereby produce a relative movement of the cylinder and pistone-a and through those parts move the shaft -lin one direction; and if the spaces and passages be properly filled with the.transmit ting fluid the shaft L will respond promptly and its motion will be equal to the motion of the shaftI 2. But owingto defects in construction, and particularly to wear of surfaces between the piston heads and the surrounding walls of the cylinders. a greater' or less extent or degree of lost motion is liable toresult from loss of' fluid by leakage and thereby destroy or materially reduce the efficiency of the apparatus. In the present invention any loss of fluid taking place in the pressure side of the apparatus, however slight it may be, at each time of operation is replaced from the body of fluid in the case by virtue of the communication set up between the cylinder space in front of the piston and the body of fluid in the case at the end of every stroke or movement of the cylinder relatively to the piston, so that in the following strolge or movement the pistons will always act against a solidbody of fluid.

Communication between tthe cylinder space in front of the piston-or the pressure side-and the fluid holding spacei in the casing is provided through the aperture 12- in the cylinder, and is controlled either directly by the piston itself, as in Fig. 4, or through the medium of a valve actuated mechanically by or through the ,movements of the cylindei` or its piston, as in Figs. l and 9..

In one way the port or aperture l2 is situated at or near the head of the cylinder, as seen in Figs. l and 2, and is controlled by a puppet valve 13 held to a seat in the opening by av spring and actuated by an incline or fixed piece 14 situated in the path described by the. projecting end of the valvestem 15. Provision is made for varying the movement of contact between the valve-stem and this incline, by making the incline 14 adjustable with relation to the end of t-he valve-stem, such as by a screw-stem 16 eX- tending through the casing to the outside, whereby the wedge 14 may be set to make contact with the valve-stem at a period fiuid in the case, the

be changed, and the valve may remain closed.r

By locating this aperture 12 in the cylinder at such distance from t-he open end of the cylinder that at the end of the stroke communication will be set up between the cylinder space in front of the piston and the valve can be dispensed with. The periods of setting up and ofi-cutting off' communication between the confined column or body of transmitting fluid and the fluid in the case will thus be controlled directly by the piston.

Fig. 5 illustrates the mode in which the last mentioned means of' restoring the equilibrium between the two sides of the power transmitting fluid is applied to an apparatus in which the cylinders are yarranged in a straight line for operation with a reciprocating double end piston. In an apparatus of that type the ends of the cylinder are partly inclosed in a fluid tight casing 18 and the pistons are connected b v a rack and pinion with a power operated shaft as a convenient means of' reciprocating the piston from the oscillatory or partially rotary motion of' the shaft.

Provision can be made for maintaining a uniformbody of4 fluid in the case and keeping the same properly filled, as well as to afford an out-let for particles of air that may be displaced from the fluid holding spaces and passages, by connecting the case with a fluid holding receptacle such as a stand pipe or a tank 20 by means of a tube 21.

I claim 1. In a device operating to transmit motion thro`ugh the medium of a non-compressible fluid and having a motor piston and cylinder to which the motive force or power is applied, and a piston and cylinder operatively connected therewith by a body of noncompressible fluid,V a fluid tight case containing a body of fluid and means operating in the movements of the said cylinders and pistons with relation to each other for opening con'imunication-betwcen the body of fluid under pressure of the transmitting force or powerand the confined body of fluid in the case.

v 2. In a motion transmitting device adapted to operate through the medium of a body of non-compressible fluid, the combination of motor piston and cylinder movable relatively to each other, a similar cylinder and piston reversely arranged with respect tothe first named cylinder and piston and actuated thereby and means for actuating the said cylinders and pistons relatively to each other` comprising a non-compressible fluid contained in passages and connecting the cylinder spaces in front-'of the pistons in mechanically operated inders and a fluid tight one motor with corresponding spaces in the cylinders of the-motors to be actuated, a fluid `tight case inclosing the cylinders and their pistons, and means operated by the movement of the piston in each cylinder to set up or shut olf communication between the case and the cylinder spaces at a prede- -termined period in such movement.

In a motion transmittingl device, an actuating motor having reversely arranged cylinders and pistons therein movable relatively tothe cylinders,.and adapted to transmit their motion Athrough a non-compressible cylinders operating to expel and the other I to simultaneously fill with the transmitting fluid, and means operating to maintain a condition of equilibrium in the fluid acted on by the two pistons and cylinders, including a fluid tight case and means operating by the movements of' the pistons in their respective cylinders to alternately set up and shut olf communication between the cylinders and .the said case at a predetermined period in their movement.

5. The combination with a motor comprising cylinders reversely arranged and pistons therein movable relativelyto the cylinders, of fluid carrying passages connecting se'parately the c linder spaces with the parts adapted to e actuated bythe hydraulic pressure transmitted through the luid, and means for replacing loss of fluid in the said passages, comprising apertures 1n the cylcasing common to said cylinders with which said apertures are arranged to communicate when opened, and means operating through the movements of the pistons with relation to the cylinders to shut oil' communication inthe working stroke of said parts.

(3. The combination with a motor having reversely arranged cylinders and associated pistons, of a fluid tight case inclosing the same, and means o peratmg in the movements of' the cylinders and pistons with relation to each other to establish communication between the cylinder space in front ofthe piston and the surrounding case in the return stroke and to cut ofll such communication in the working stroke of the motor.

7. lhe combination with a motor having reversely arranged cylinders and associated pistons, of a fluid holding case, and means operating in the movements of the cylinders and pistons relatively to each other. to establish communication between the cylinder spaces in front of their pistons through the body of fluid in the case in the movement of said parts in one direction and to cut olf such communication between the cylinders in the working strokes thereof.

8. In a fluid motor having reversely arranged cylinders and associated pistons operating through the medium of a column of fluid connecting the cylinder spaces with mechanism adapted to be operated by the hydraulic pressure transmitted through the fluid, the combination with the cylinders of a fluid filled case and means through which the cylinder spaces in front of the pistons are connected together through the body of fluid confined in the case at predetermmcd periods in the movements of the pistons in the cylinders, comprising apertures in the cylinders and means operated by the movement of said parts to control the periodsv of opening the cylinder spaces to the case through said apertures.

l J OI-IN F. PAGENDARM.

Witnesses:

M. REGNER, E. E. OsoRN. 

